How elevated cortisol can wake you up at 3 a.m. and what to do to get back to sleep.

Waking up in the middle of the night and struggling to fall asleep again is far more common than most people realize. The mistake many of us make is trying to force sleep. We shut our eyes, repeat “I have to sleep,” and the harder we try, the more alert we become.

The issue isn’t a lack of effort or discipline. In most cases, the body is stuck in a heightened state of arousal. Even when you feel exhausted, your nervous system may still be on high alert, reacting as if there’s a hidden danger.

Sleep specialist Michael Breus explains that falling back asleep isn’t about battling your body—it’s about helping it slow down.

Why do you wake up in the middle of the night?

Sleep is governed by two opposing systems:

The sleep system, which includes your circadian rhythm (your internal clock) and sleep pressure, the drive that builds the longer you stay awake.

The activation system, which keeps you alert and responsive during the day.

When these systems are balanced, the activation system quiets down at night and sleep naturally takes over. But sometimes—especially in the early morning hours—that balance is disrupted. The alert system stays switched on, overriding your body’s natural urge to sleep and causing sudden awakenings without an obvious reason.

Trying to “force” sleep only intensifies the problem. Effort triggers stress and raises cortisol levels, similar to pressing the accelerator when you’re trying to park a car.

The first things you should not do when you wake up

Before trying any technique, avoid these common mistakes:

Don’t check the clock

Seeing the time immediately starts mental math—how many hours you have left—which fuels anxiety and stress.

Don’t look at your phone

Screen light signals daytime to your brain, while the content stimulates your thoughts even further.

Avoid getting out of bed unless absolutely necessary

Remaining in a calm environment helps your brain continue associating the bed with sleep.

Step 1: Calm your nervous system with 4-7-8 breathing

Nighttime awakenings often mean your sympathetic nervous system—the “fight or flight” response—is active. The goal is to activate the parasympathetic system, which controls rest and recovery.

One of the quickest ways to do this is through controlled breathing, which stimulates the vagus nerve and sends calming signals throughout the body.

How to practice it:

Inhale through your nose for 4 seconds

Hold the breath for 7 seconds

Exhale slowly through your mouth for 8 seconds

Repeat the cycle 7–10 times

After a few rounds, you’ll likely notice your heart rate slowing and a sensation of warmth or heaviness—signs that your body is shifting into rest mode.

Step 2: Release hidden muscle tension

Even when you believe you’re relaxed, your body may be holding unnoticed tension in areas like the jaw, shoulders, or abdomen. This tension sends signals to the brain to stay alert.

To counter this, try progressive muscle relaxation:

Start with your feet: tighten the muscles for 5 seconds

Release and focus on the relaxed sensation for 10 seconds

Move upward through calves, thighs, abdomen, hands, arms, shoulders, and face

Breathe slowly and deeply throughout

Within 3–5 minutes, most people feel a deep sense of calm, often described as heaviness or gentle tingling.

Step 3: Quiet the mind with “cognitive shuffling”

A structured, logical mind is a wakeful mind. As we drift toward sleep, thoughts become more visual and loosely connected.

To recreate this state, use a technique called cognitive shuffling:

Pick a neutral word like “window” or “garden”

Take the first letter and think of objects that begin with it

Example: G → grass, globe, guitar

Briefly visualize each image without analyzing it

Move on to the next letter and repeat

The goal isn’t to force sleep, but to gently occupy the mind with harmless imagery until sleep arrives naturally.

When night awakenings happen often

Waking during the night doesn’t mean your sleep is broken or that something is wrong with you. It’s a natural body check-in. However, if it happens frequently and you struggle to fall back asleep, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) may help. It’s widely considered the most effective treatment for chronic insomnia and has a strong track record of improving sleep quality.

Final tips and reminders

Maintain consistent sleep and wake times

Reduce bright lights and screen exposure at least an hour before bed

Avoid heavy meals and stimulants late in the evening

Practice relaxation techniques before bedtime—not only after waking

Be patient: the less you struggle against sleep, the easier it returns

Waking up at 3 a.m. isn’t an enemy—it’s a message from your body. When you respond with calm instead of anxiety, you send the signal it needs to rest again. Sleep can’t be forced. It has to be allowed.